20th century political cartoons C19 is a one-stop finding tool covering multiple content types, Providing records for millions of documents ranging from books and newspapers to government documents and periodicals at the article level. An editorial cartoonist is an artist, a cartoonist who draws editorial cartoons that contain some level of political or social commentary. Curtis, a newspaper publisher, bought the foundering The Saturday Evening Post , updated its look, and aimed it at middle-class American families. Aug 7, 2013 · Most of the cartoons comment on foreign policy issues during World War I. C. Early in the 20th century, cartoons of political dissent began to appear in such magazines as The Masses. Political cartoons by century; Politics in the 20th century; Political cartoons about immigrants during the 19th century conveyed messages aligned with xenophobia, social fears, and political concerns. Recognition and role today Jan 7, 2025 · 19th and 20th Century Political Cartoons caricaturing some of the key political events of the day. The trend in American cartoons from 1883 to the middle of the 20th century according to Popoola (1983) ‘…could appear to lie in these directions: greater May 20, 2012 · Herb "Herblock" Block was active from 1929 to 2000, and his cartoons provide a liberal perspective on 20th-century political topics. His work is still relevant 100 years later Dec 1, 2022 · Relying on this fact, the evolution of political cartoons, especially in the period of the second information revolution, i. Herbert Block, also known as Herblock, was a famous three time Pulitzer Prize winning editorial cartoonist for much of the 20th Century. the Printing Revolution and afterward in the third revolution, i. The archive is an unrivaled resource for researching and teaching nineteenth- and twentieth-century political and social history on key themes such as World War I and World War II; colonialism, imperialism and End of Empire Sep 1, 2014 · To say that Clifford K. 4 The downward By the mid-nineteenth century, political cartoons were common throughout the western world, and the most influential cartoons were created for the British periodical Punch. Mar 11, 2025 · Political cartoons have long been powerful tools for conveying complex political and social issues in a succinct and compelling way. The piece reflects anxieties over Britain's declining power in the 20th century. ” Clifford K. His concern for the national physical environment broadened into concern for the economic and international environment. Through this exhibition, we hope to show how pro-imperial British cartoonists sought to glorify Britain, put down its enemies, and further pro-imperial thought among This paper explores the evolution of the modern political cartoon, from the earliest days of print culture, through five nominal 'centuries' of form: the “Long Sixteenth Century” of “flysheets” & pamphlets; the Eighteenth Century of stand-alone satirical prints; the Nineteenth Century of serio-comic weeklies; the Twentieth Century of Despite the obstacles Nast encountered as an activist, the ideals portrayed in his works would carry on into the 20th-century Civil Rights movement. In its pages, Bengough pilloried Canada's first prime minister, John A. Herb Block was one of the most prolific political cartoonists of the twentieth century. The 19th Century political, satirical magazines Puck and Judge were still being published, as was Harper's Weekly. Low arrived in England in 1919, fresh from the Sydney Bulletin in Australia, where his growing reputation as a political cartoonist had led the Cadbury family into 20th century British artist Carl Giles ran political cartoons in the Daily Express newspaper, featuring a fictional family whose quirky Grandma comments on contemporary national and world politics. Seuss (Theodor Geisel) ventured into political cartooning during World War II. 12. In the early twentieth century, the issue of child labor polarized American public May 13, 2019 · Background The Progressive Era, as the period in history at the turn of the 20th century has come to be known, was a time of tremendous social, economic, and political changes, and the presidential election of 1912 typified the reform spirit of the period. Mr. The cartoons commented on issues like rising dynastic politics, police focusing on petty crimes over monopolies, lack of traffic enforcement allowing unsafe vehicles, conservative attitudes towards public displays of affection, and American influence over Filipino politicians through Jun 27, 2018 · These practices of communal reading and consumption were arguably lost once the cartoon migrated into the periodical in the mid nineteenth century and then into the newspaper by the early twentieth century. ” Heavily dependant on caricature and dripping with sarcasm, these drawings reflect an artist’s and the general public’s emotional and logical response to political issues through the drawing itself and the way they’re reprinted. He is best known for creating The Adventures of Tintin, the series of comic albums which are considered one of the most popular European comics of the 20th century. g. Macdonald, and since then each prime minister has had an alterego with a sketchpad: Sir Wifrid Laurier had to contend with Henri Julien (1852-1908), Mackenzie Publications of anti-tobacco groups of the 19th century and early-20th century featured heavy-handed cartoons demonizing smoking and “Lady Nicotine” with images of skulls and snakes. Sep 1, 2022 · Almost a hundred years later, twentieth-century cartoonist Herbert Block emerged as a major commentator, via cartoons, on the events of the time. e. There is a paper finding aid in Special Collections and University Archives that lists each cartoon by title, and includes date, and dimension information. Creating an Empire: U. These visually compelling artworks provide a glimpse into the socio-political climate and popular sentiments of the era. Sep 27, 2021 · While political cartoons in America started at least as early as the mid-18th century, they reached their peak popularity in the late 19th/early 20th centuries with the innovations of the mass press. Political cartoons reflect the creator’s views, and how they wish to share them with the world. Since trusts were a source of potent political anger, each candidate attempted to bolster his anti-monopoly credentials. Throughout history, cartoonists have used their craft to hold up a mirror to society, often Omaha, NE Public Schools Modern World History Standards: Standard 04: Explain how certain cultural characteristics such as language, ethnic heritage, religion, political philosophies, shared history, and social and economic systems can link or divide regions, and cause global conflict (1920 – present). The quality and depth of political caricature in Britain has a unique heritage which remains to this day far superior to that of the rest of the world. The First Amendment Museum is a non-partisan organization that does not endorse any of the political or social commentary found within the political cartoons featured in this exhibition. Remembering the 20th century? Relive the iconic moments and cultural milestones with our collection of 20th-century cartoons. As per the norm for caricatures, often one attribute of the subject was overexaggerating to help identify them. H. [6] Thus, arguments over suffrage – both serious and satirical – often took place in the political cartoons of the day, and these images influenced public opinion as women fought to participate in politics. Cartoonists turned Roosevelt into an iconic figure, immortalizing his actions and decisions in their art. The Messenger, edited by Chandler Owen and A. Mar 19, 2025 · J. Political cartoons from the 19th century have long served as powerful tools to communicate political messages and satirize the events and figures of the time. Lewis, Fort Worth star-telegram, M. Art Wood, an award-winning political cartoonist himself, collected more than 16,000 political cartoons by hundreds of the leading creators of the 'ungentlemanly art,' a phrase that is commonly used to describe this type of graphic satire. For Civil War and Reconstruction era cartoons, HarpWeek maintains a historical database of cartoons that appeared in Harper’s Weekly (published from 1857 to 1916). Join curator Sara W. It was especially difficult for women to break into editorial cartooning, since women were discouraged from discussing politics at all. Summary: Students will be divided into groups and asked to analyze and evaluate editorial cartoons pertaining to late 19th and early 20th century American imperialism. Caricature and cartoon - 20th Century, Satire, Humor: The whole tenor of pictorial comedy was shifted by World War I and by the boom times thereafter. The collection (1916-1945) contains pen and ink original drawings, on poster board, arranged by subject: War and Foreign Affairs; Domestic Cartoons; and United States Political Cartoons. 1 As one study puts it, “[c]artoons can be seen as artistic work, historical documents, forms of humor 5 days ago · Life in Mid-19th Century Five Points; Who Freed the Slaves? How a War for Union Became a War for Freedom; Building the Railroads; Early Twentieth Century Mexican Immigration to the U. He spent the bulk of his career at the Chicago Tribune where his cartoons offered commentary on a range of topics spanning economics, politics, social change and international affairs. Berryman's political cartoons from the early 20th century. Later, Mark Twain coined this era the “Gilded Age” since the economic growth presented the appearance of a glittering jewel, but underneath lurked disparity, conspicuous consumption, and corruption (White 2019). Jul 11, 2006 · The art of the political cartoon as we know it in Canada today began in the 1870s when John W. 2 At the turn of the twentieth century there were around 2000 editorial cartoonists employed by daily papers in the USA: 3 by the turn of the twenty-first century that number had shrunk to 85. Many of these images were originally published in humor magazines such as Puckand The Wasp. Stoked by nativist media outlets, anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic parties and labor unions, a series of exclusion laws were passed in the late 19th and early 20th century to restrict or completely end immigration from Asia and Europe. The cartoons were drawn between 1894 and 1922 for Life Magazine. A. Once-A-Week magazine changed its name to Collier’s Weekly and Cyrus H. Disclaimer: The political cartoons featured in this exhibition were selected based on their historical importance, artistic merit, or uniqueness. Dec 10, 2024 · Together, these cartoons provide a powerful testament to the old adage, "The pen is mightier than the sword," and remind us that so often in the 20th century, it was the editorial cartoonist who could say the things his fellow newspapermen and women only dreamed of, enlightening and rallying a nation against unjust aggression. , houses Clifford K. Students will synthesize and present their final interpretations. David Low’s Cartoons (20th Century): British cartoonist David Low produced influential cartoons during World War II, mocking Adolf Hitler and other Axis leaders. Oct 15, 2020 · Oct. Humor and Activism: Using Political Cartoons to Explore Women’s Suffrage Captioning History Worksheet You have been given a political cartoon focusing on the women’s suffrage movement. H. "Ding" Darling was an American editorial cartoonist active in the first half the 20th century. Walker Cartoon Collection reflects the political climate of America during the late 19th Century and early 20th Century. From its humble beginnings in the 18th century to its current state in the 21st century, political cartoon strips have evolved in form and substance. Nast is most famous for his 160 political cartoons attacking the criminal characteristics of Boss Tweed, a politician notable for controlling New York’s corrupt Democratic political organization, Tammany Hall. Bruce Bairnsfather’s Old Bill The cartoon also includes a figure representing Wilson suggesting that Roosevelt is pro-monopoly. Berryman was an accomplished 20th-century political cartoonist would be somewhat of an understatement. twentieth century Oct 26, 2024 · In conclusion, Taft political cartoons were a significant aspect of American journalism during the early 20th century. comic strip and comic book art) figure prominently in some collections that also have strong holdings of political cartoons and caricature. Dec 13, 2024 · A Visual History of Editorial Cartoons: Editorial cartoons have long been a powerful tool for commentary, satire, and social critique. jpg 2,960 × 1,147; 561 KB Oct 29, 2024 · The publication challenged racial stereotypes and advocated for civil rights during the early 20th century. Using drawings or cartoons to comment on the actions of a president is a tradition nearly as old as the nation. Twentieth Century The two world wars and the subsequent peace treaties provided fertile ground for cartoonists such as Low, Dyson, Strube, Vicky and Illingworth. Radical cartoonists such as Art Young, Robert Minor, and painters George Bellows and John Sloan were among the small, influential group that used The Masses to criticize American life and institutions. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Oct 22, 2012 · Featuring more than 200 examples of the century’s best political art, a new history of health care reform provides an entertaining review of 100 years of partisan wrangling over medical insurance – from Theodore Roosevelt’s support for protection from the “hazards of sickness” in 1912 to the Supreme Court’s decision to uphold the Affordable Care Act in 2012. Political caricature during and after the war was excessively partisan, while the cartoons about the war itself tended to alleviate the pain of the struggle. This online collection is provided by Drake University. They captured the public’s imagination and played a significant role in shaping opinions. gov Political cartoons from the last century demonstrate how visual metaphors can address such varied themes as World War II, the social impact of urbanization and industrial technology, civil rights, race relations, and civic responsibility. Editorial and political cartoons have existed for at least as long as the printing press, but reached an apex in the 19th century. Winsor McCay 1922-03-19 Oblivion's Cave. His cartoons were published in the New York Globe and New York Herald Tribune, among others. 2. Founded in 1841, Punch capitalized on new mass printing technologies to become the preeminent British magazine of the mid-nineteenth century. 15, 2020. Publication date 2014 Topics History, Modern -- 20th century -- Caricatures and cartoons Publisher [London 20th Century cartoons and comics. This is a list of editorial cartoonists of the past and present sorted by nationality. 1. Ross Papers “Susie,” ERA cartoon by editorialist Margaret Curtis, 1970s, 1980s Political cartoon of John L. Known as one of DC’s renowned graphic political commentators, he was once told by President Harry Truman, “You are a Washington Institution comparable to the Monument. In this cartoon, two men representing “private interests” and “campaign funds”, are looking at Senate seats wondering how much they could be bought for. The Pen as a Diplomatic Weapon: Analyzing Notable Examples May 27, 2016 · by Antony Ramm, Local and Family History, Central Library Last Friday I gave the latest in our popular series of Lunchtime talks; my presentation was an introductory look at the Local and Family History department's collection of 19th-century political cartoons. Newspapers were faster and cheaper to produce than ever before and improved technologies made it easier to fit illustrations into the printing Nov 21, 2011 · Newspapers and magazine cartoons from the turn of the 20th century illustrate these sentiments. e Nov 18, 2017 · In the USA, many cartoonists already see the attrition of newspapers and diminishing employment opportunities as inextricably linked to a decline in the influence of the political cartoon. They aimed to shape public opinion regarding immigration and influence the policies and attitudes of the time. Nov 18, 2017 · Work on political cartoons is distinguished from contiguous work on both non-political cartoon books and animations and political satire in prose and/or TV and digital media. Nov 2, 2016 · Political or editorial cartoons are the embodiment of the phrase “a picture says a thousand words. This illustration is titled, "Feminism, a cartoon". As newspapers became Political cartoons were a powerful form of social commentary in the early 20th century. 1k This document summarizes and analyzes several political cartoons from early 20th century Philippine newspapers. Step 3: Write one significant paragraph (200 words) explaining your cartoon. The new primaries shifted the nominating power to the voters. Ross Papers, circa 1940s. Not only did Block’s creations have a more informal feel than previous artists, but he also tackled social issues and foreign affairs at a more frequent rate than previous political cartoonists had. But now that the political cartoon has shifted its principal medium once again, becoming first and foremost a digital form, such practices Jun 20, 2014 · Today's social critics can have a field day exploring 19th century America. Herb Block published his first editorial cartoon six months before the 1929 New York Stock Exchange crash that plunged the country into the Great Depression. Block, the editorial cartoonist known as a Herblock, who, during the course of his 72-year career, drew his opinion on events such as the Great Depression, World War II At the end of the 18th century and the first two decades of the 19th century, James Gillray (1756/7–1815), Thomas Rowlandson (1756–1827), and George Cruikshank (1792–1878) established a tradition of visceral political and social visual satire in Britain that continues to this day. Beginning in the late 1800s with the challenge to the "spoils system" of machine politics, progressivism gathered momentum between 1900 and Most information resources pertaining to editorial and political cartoons fall into one of two broad categories: 1) the artistic elements of creating cartoons and/or the recognition or exhibition of these cartoons as art; and 2) the events and personalities in history that these cartoons parody and comment upon. Feb 21, 2023 · Studies in Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Literature 42. The early 20th Century witnessed the demise of popular magazines such as Judge, Puck, Harper’s Weekly, and more (although Punch continued until the 1990s), and political cartoons were overwhelmingly found in newspapers. 1 (2017): 1–18. John Glashan, Genius; Rube Goldberg, cartoons of complex and convoluted machines doing very simple tasks. Though modern-day viewers might see them as racist propaganda, perhaps in their time they functioned more as political satire. Larry Gonick, The Cartoon History of the Universe series, Kokopelli & Company; Cleven "Goodie" Goudeau, known for his pioneering Afrocentric images on Sep 27, 2023 · Political cartoons spread across the globe during the 20th century, reflecting different nations’ social and political dynamics. He was also responsible for two other well-known series, Quick & Flupke (1930–1940) and The Adventures of Jo, Zette and Jocko (1936–1957). Child Labor in the Early Twentieth Century. James Gillray, 18th century British, called "the father of the political cartoon". Sep 20, 2023 · The collections fall into two major groups: those consisting of items that are predominantly pre-20th century and those that are predominantly 20th century or later. In the early 20th century, political machines largely controlled the nomination process, but as progressive reformers lobbied for greater popular control of the selection process, states began to adopt systems of primary elections. Dec 7, 2020 · The improved printing technology [5] and faster mail of the 19th and early 20th centuries also enabled these images to spread widely. Bengough (1851-1923) started publishing his satirical magazine, Grip. These satirical drawings reveal the debates that dominated bygone eras. A selection of nineteenth-century American political cartoons featuring Martin Van Buren, party politics, and current events, 1833-1848, from the collections of the Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. Comics (e. This primary source set uses examples of political cartoons from school and community newspapers to show how the form has evolved over the last 100 years. This paper explores the evolution of the modern political cartoon, from the earliest days of print culture, through five nominal 'centuries' of form: the “Long Sixteenth Century” of “flysheets” & pamphlets; the Eighteenth Century of stand-alone satirical prints; the Nineteenth Century of serio-comic weeklies; the Twentieth Century of mass-circulation daily newspapers; and the Twenty Sir David Low: The greatest political cartoonist of the Twentieth Century Born on 7 April 1891 in Dunedin, New Zealand, David Alexander Cecil Low was the most vigorous and outspoken political cartoonist since the Age of James Gillray. Media in category "20th-century political cartoons of the United States" This category contains only the following file. An essential political precursor to the Harlem Renaissance, The Messenger - and the cartoon below - is credited with coining the phrase "New Negro" and helping to articulate a political The fully text-searchable online archive of Punch _ Punch Historical Archive, 1841-1992 -- is available for scholars, students, and the general researcher to explore. Comprising the collection are reproductions of eighteenth century cartoons, prints and clippings of nineteenth and twentieth century cartoons, and a number of original drawings of cartoons that appears in newspapers during the mid 1930s. K. [7] Nov 18, 2017 · While there is a steadily growing body of research on editorial cartooning, the study of political cartoons is fragmented theoretically, exists largely on the fringes of research in political communication, and is well recognised as lacking a framework belonging to any specific discipline. It is a political cartoon in support of Women's Suffrage, the early 20th century movement in support of women's right to vote and other rights. His sharp wit and biting satire helped boost morale and galvanize support Aug 29, 2020 · Canadian wit and humor, Pictorial, Humour par l'image canadien, Politics and government, Canada -- Politics and government -- 20th century -- Caricatures and cartoons, Canada -- Politique et gouvernement -- 20e siècle -- Caricatures et dessins humoristiques, Canada Nov 28, 2014 · Newspapers and magazine cartoons from the turn of the 20th century illustrate these sentiments. John T. Sep 30, 2016 · These cartoons had an undeniable effect on the people who read them, in both time periods. Duke of the Prints & Photographs Division, to learn how to access the Library's online collection of 20th-century political cartoons. Mar 1, 2015 · Satirical magazine The Lepracaun Cartoon Monthly took a wry look at the political landscape of early 20th century Ireland. Use the “sections” buttons to explore some of his work. Jul 23, 2021 · These historical political cartoons swayed public opinion, spoke truth to power, and held leaders accountable through the use of satire and hyperbole. This paper explores the evolution of the modern political cartoon, from the earliest days of print culture, through five nominal 'centuries' of form: the “Long Sixteenth Century” of “flysheets” & pamphlets; the Eighteenth Century of stand-alone satirical prints; the Nineteenth Century of serio-comic weeklies; the Twentieth Century of Jun 7, 2022 · The 20th century in cartoons : a history in pictures. At the start of the twentieth century, the production of daily newspapers grew, and the political cartoon became a regular and established feature of journalism. Seuss : The renowned children’s book author, Dr. This reading of Latin American comics in the neoliberal era argues that, much like the wider social and political landscape, deterritorialization and cultural hybridity are the principal traits of the region’s contemporary comics. Ohio Memory Collection of Political Cartoons Collection of political cartoons of U. This editorial form became popular over the 20th century for the way it can quickly and forcefully deliver a viewpoint to its audience—particularly in decades when not all adults could read. By examining these cartoons, historians and scholars can gain a better understanding of the issues and concerns of the time, as well as the ways in which political cartooning was used to shape public opinion. The William H. Sep 20, 2023 · Chronologically and geographically, these cartoons and caricatures encompass 17th century Dutch engravings, 18th-19th century etchings and engravings by masters of the "Golden Age of British Satire," early American and Civil War era prints, 21st century political/social critiques in hybrid media (hand and digitally drawn), and born digital media. Political cartoons were the creation of the politically partisan press in the early 1800s. Mar 8, 2025 · Media in category "1920s political cartoons of the United States" The following 43 files are in this category, out of 43 total. . James Gillray, the leading caricaturist of Britain’s late-eighteenth-century golden age of satire, shows Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821) striding forth to seize control in a coup d’état on November 10, 1799, by ousting members of the Directory, France’s post-revolution government. The majority of the cartoons Nov 12, 2023 · As the world transitioned into the 20th century, editorial cartoons became a staple in newspapers worldwide, evolving into a potent force for political commentary. In this activity students analyze a political cartoon, a presidential speech and an anti-immigration pamphlet from the early 20th century. Category: 20th-century political cartoons. Philip Randolph, was the most important magazine of black radicalism and socialism in the early 20th century. Cartoon #1: Political cartoons of the twenty-first century began to be created using digital software rather than with traditional methods, and began to be published independently on websites and other online forums. S. The most successful and renowned nineteenth-century American political cartoonist was German immigrant Thomas Nast. Many of these images were originally published in humor magazines such as Puck and The Wasp . Feb 4, 2024 · The Evolution of Political Satire in Cartoon Strips: Political satire in cartoon strips has long been a powerful medium for commentary on the political landscape. United States Declares War! MC156, Box 1, Folder 4. From the 18th century onwards, they have significantly shaped public opinion and influenced policy-making globally. Does your cartoon address a specific issue or event? If so what? What evidence did you use to come to this conclusion? 2. N. C claimed that with his research as an art historian, he found out that the publisher was a dominant political party of the early 20th Century Manila. They became staples of weekly magazines during the 19th century and, eventually, a cornerstone of the modern newspaper industry. The Chinese labor issue almost pales in comparison to slavery and the resultant civil war and the "relocation" of large numbers of Indians west of the Mississippi. presidents from Ohio: Taft, Hayes, Grant, and McKinley. This period is recognized as both a time of mass migration to the U. Berryman, undated. M. 00pm, 1 Mar 2015 1. Some previously forbidden subjects became admissible. The concept of a universal American identity evolved from Nast’s cartoons, Douglass's speeches, and the work of their contemporaries, and would be echoed throughout the Civil Rights movement. By the 1890s Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World and William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal were publishing daily political cartoons. Expansion at the Turn of the Twentieth Century; Why They Fought: Ordinary Soldiers in the Civil War Welcome to Views and Re-Views, a powerful sampling of more than 160 images from a private collection of twentieth-century propaganda art. Due to the internet, anonymous or amateur political cartoonists also started to reach larger audiences than ever before. Political cartoons became a prime tool to express the public’s anger. Students will identify the cartoonists' intentions and evaluate the effectiveness of each cartoon's message. The political cartoons in this lesson are from the mid to late 19th and early 20th century. From the Roaring Twenties to the Space Age, our cartoons capture the spirit of the times in a humorous and nostalgic way. Oct 19, 2023 · By the 19 th Century, cartoonist magazines such as Punch and political newspapers regularly published political cartoons. The list is incomplete; it lists only those editorial cartoonists for whom a Wikipedia article already exists. After analyzing the documents, students write about why the United States passed immigration quotas in the 1920s. Migrants to the country found both new opportunities as well as nativism and anti-immigrant prejudice. World War I and II: Propaganda and Commentary Dr. The early 20th century saw the emergence of animated cartoons, with iconic characters like Mickey Mouse and Bugs Bunny captivating audiences around the world. The National Archives Center for Legislative Archives in Washington, D. On a recent afternoon, the artists Dread Scott, Catherine Opie and Shirin Neshat, as well as T contributor Nikil Saval and Whitney Museum of American Art assistant curator Rujeko Skewed forms of ownership The historians mentioned that since history is not really objective, one down side of political cartoon is the fact that it comes from a subjective source. See full list on archives. Perhaps unsurprisingly, one In America, besides the Thomas Nast cartoon of ‘Boss Tweed’, the vast majority of American historians would struggle to name another, even from the twentieth century. Jun 16, 2020 · Join curator Sara W. She will also discuss strategies for exploring the work of Herbert L. Mar 6, 2025 · Index is a growing all-inclusive bibliographic spine for 19th-century research. McCutcheon worked as a political and satirical cartoonist on the staff of several Chicago newspapers between 1889 and 1946. In their presentation of posters and political cartoons from the Soviet period, curators Jo-Ann Conklin, Director of the Bell Gallery, and Abbott (Tom) Gleason, Keeney Professor of History Emeritus, invite us to think about these images in new ways. wwakvb koya wdczlpl jpfts umwst opzgqqx smogp loe hhlu ojywo jxqlo sypp cohcggbv odune wucoo